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military forces

  • 1 vis

    vīs, vis, f., plur. vīres, ĭum (class. only in nom., acc. and abl. sing. and in plur.; gen. sing. very rare; Tac. Or. 26; Dig. 4, 2, 1; Paul. Sent. 5, 30; dat. sing. vi, Auct. B. Afr. 69, 2; C. I. L. 5, 837; collat. form of the nom. and acc. plur. vis, Lucr. 3, 265; 2, 586; Sall. ap. Prisc. p. 707, or H. 3, 62 Dietsch; Messala ap. Macr. S. 1, 9, 14) [Gr. is, Wis, sinew, force; iphi, with might], strength, physical or mental; force, vigor, power, energy, virtue (cf. robur).
    I.
    Lit.
    1.
    In gen.
    (α).
    Sing.:

    celeritas et vis equorum,

    Cic. Div. 1, 70, 144:

    magna vis eorum (urorum) et magna velocitas,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 28:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis,

    id. ib. 4, 17:

    tempestatis,

    id. B. C. 2, 14:

    venti,

    Lucr. 1, 271:

    solis,

    id. 4, 326 (301):

    horrida teli,

    id. 3, 170:

    acris vini,

    id. 3, 476:

    ferri aerisque,

    id. 5, 1286:

    veneni,

    Cic. Cael. 24, 58 et saep.—
    (β).
    Plur. (most freq. of physical strength):

    non viribus aut velocitatibus aut celeritate corporum res magnae geruntur,

    Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

    nec nunc vires desidero adulescentis, non plus quam adulescens tauri aut elephanti desiderabam,

    id. ib. 9, 27:

    hoc ali vires nervosque confirmari putant,

    Caes. B. G. 6, 21:

    me jam sanguis viresque deficiunt,

    id. ib. 7, 50 fin.:

    perpauci viribus confisi transnatare contenderunt,

    id. ib. 1, 53:

    nostri integris viribus fortiter repugnare,

    id. ib. 3, 4:

    lacertis et viribus pugnare,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 7, 2:

    omnibus viribus atque opibus repugnare,

    id. Tusc. 3, 11, 25:

    non animi solum vigore sed etiam corporis viribus excellens,

    Liv. 9, 16, 12:

    validis viribus hastam contorquere,

    Verg. A. 2, 50:

    quicquid agas, decet agere pro viribus,

    with all your might, Cic. Sen. 9, 27; so,

    supra vires,

    Hor. Ep. 1, 18, 22:

    et neglecta solent incendia sumere vires,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 85:

    seu virium vi seu exercitatione multā cibi vinique capacissimus,

    Liv. 9, 16, 13; cf.:

    in proelii concursu abit res a Consilio ad vires vimque pugnantium,

    Nep. Thras. 1, 4 dub. (Siebel. vires usumque).— Poet., with inf.:

    nec mihi sunt vires inimicos pellere tectis,

    Ov. H. 1, 109.—
    2.
    In partic.
    a.
    Energy, virtue, potency (of herbs, drugs, etc.):

    in radices vires oleae abibunt,

    Cato, R. R. 61, 1:

    vires habet herba?

    Ov. M. 13, 942:

    egregius fons Viribus occultis adjuvat,

    Juv. 12, 42. —
    b.
    Vis, personified, the same as Juno, Aus. Idyll. de Deis; cf. Verg. A. 7, 432 Serv. —
    c.
    Hostile strength, force, violence, = bia: EA POENA, QVAE EST DE VI, S. C. ap. Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 3, 5:

    cum vi vis illata defenditur,

    Cic. Mil. 4, 9; cf.:

    celeri rumore dilato Dioni vim allatam,

    Nep. Dion, 10, 1:

    ne vim facias ullam in illam,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 37:

    sine vi facere,

    id. ib. 4, 7, 20:

    vim afferre alicui,

    Cic. Caecin. 21, 61; id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62; 2, 4, 66, § 148:

    adhibere,

    id. Off. 3, 30, 110; id. Cat. 1, 8, 19:

    praesidio tam valido et armato vim adferre,

    Liv. 9, 16, 4:

    iter per vim tentare,

    by force, forcibly, Caes. B. G. 1, 14; so,

    per vim,

    id. B. C. 2, 13; Cic. Att. 7, 9, 4:

    ne id quidem satis est, nisi docet, ita se possedisse nec vi nec clam nec precario possederit,

    id. Caecin. 32, 92; so the jurid. formula in Lex Thoria ap. Grut. 202, 18; Dig. 41, 1, 22; Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 28:

    vis haec quidem hercle est, et trahi et trudi simul,

    Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 92; Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 20:

    naves totae factae ex robore ad quamvis vim et contumeliam perferendam (shortly afterwards: tantas tempestates Oceani tantosque impetus ventorum sustineri),

    violence, shock, Caes. B. G. 3, 13:

    caeli,

    a storm, tempest, Plin. 18, 28, 69, § 278.—To avoid the gen. form (v. supra):

    de vi condemnati sunt,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 4: de vi reus; id. Sest. 35, 75; id. Vatin. 17, 41:

    ei qui de vi itemque ei qui majestatis damnatus sit,

    id. Phil. 1, 9, 23; cf. id. ib. 1, 9, 21 sq. Halm ad loc.; Tac. A. 4, 13.—
    d.
    In mal. part., force, violence: pudicitiam cum eriperet militi tribunus militaris... interfectus ab eo est, cui vim adferebat, Cic. Mil. 4, 9:

    matribus familias vim attulisse,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 24, § 62:

    vis allata sorori,

    Ov. A. A. 1, 679:

    victa nitore dei vim passa est,

    id. M. 4, 233:

    vim passa est Phoebe,

    id. A. A. 1, 679.—
    B.
    Transf., concr.
    1.
    Quantity, number, abundance (cf.: copia, multitudo); with gen.:

    quasi retruderet hominum me vis invitum,

    Plaut. Ep. 2, 2, 66:

    innumerabilis servorum,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 11, 22:

    in pompā cum magna vis auri argentique ferretur,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91:

    vis magna pulveris,

    Caes. B. C. 2, 26:

    vis maxima ranunculorum,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 18, 3:

    argenti,

    id. Prov. Cons. 2, 4:

    vim lacrimarum profudi,

    id. Rep. 6, 14, 14:

    odora canum vis,

    Verg. A. 4, 132; cf. absol.:

    et nescio quomodo is, qui auctoritatem minimam habet, maximam vim, populus cum illis facit,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 14, 44.—
    2.
    Vires, military forces, troops:

    praeesse exercitui, ut praeter auctoritatem vires quoque ad coërcendum haberet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 57:

    satis virium ad certamen,

    Liv. 3, 60, 4:

    undique contractis viribus signa cum Papirio conferre,

    id. 9, 13, 12:

    robur omne virium ejus regni,

    the flower, id. 33, 4, 4:

    concitet et vires Graecia magna suas,

    Ov. H. 15 (16), 340.—
    3.
    Vires, the virile forces or organs, Arn. 5, 158; 5, 163; Inscr. Orell. 2322; 2332:

    veluti castratis viribus,

    Plin. 11, 18, 19, § 60; cf.:

    vis (= vires) multas possidere in se,

    Lucr. 2, 586.—Rarely sing.:

    vis genitalis,

    Tac. A. 6, 18.—
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Mental strength, power, force, vigor:

    vis illa divina et virtus oratoris,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 120:

    vis ac facultas oratoris,

    id. ib. 1, 31, 142:

    suavitatem Isocrates... sonitum Aeschines, vim Demosthenes habuit,

    id. ib. 3, 7, 28:

    summa ingenii,

    id. Phil. 5, 18, 49:

    magna vis est conscientiae in utramque partem,

    id. Mil. 23, 61:

    magna vis est in fortunā in utramque partem,

    id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

    patriae,

    id. de Or. 1, 44, 196:

    quod ostentum habuit hanc vim, ut, etc.,

    power, effect, id. Div. 1, 33, 73:

    qui indignitate suā vim ac jus magistratui quem gerebat dempsisset,

    Liv. 26, 12, 8:

    hujus conventionis,

    Dig. 43, 25, 12.— Plur. (post-Aug.):

    eloquentiae,

    Quint. 5, 1, 2:

    facilitatis,

    id. 12, 9, 20:

    ingenii,

    id. 1, 2, 23; 12, 1, 32:

    orationis,

    id. 8, 3, 87.—
    B.
    Transf., of abstr. things, force, notion, meaning, sense, import, nature, essence (cf. significatio):

    id, in quo est omnis vis amicitiae,

    Cic. Lael. 4, 15:

    eloquentiae vis et natura,

    id. Or. 31, 112:

    vis honesti (with natura),

    id. Off. 1, 6, 18; cf. id. Fin. 1, 16, 50:

    virtutis,

    id. Fam. 9, 16, 5:

    quae est alia vis legis?

    id. Dom. 20, 53:

    vis, natura, genera verborum et simplicium et copulatorum,

    i.e. the sense, signification, id. Or. 32, 115:

    vis verbi,

    id. Inv. 1, 13, 17; id. Balb. 8, 21:

    quae vis insit in his paucis verbis, si attendes, si attendes, intelleges,

    id. Fam. 6, 2, 3:

    quae vis subjecta sit vocibus,

    id. Fin. 2, 2, 6:

    nominis,

    id. Top. 8, 35: metônumia, cujus vis est, pro eo, quod dicitur, causam, propter quam dicitur, ponere, Quint. 8, 6, 23.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > vis

  • 2 vīs

        vīs (gen. vīs, late), —, acc. vim, abl. vī, f plur. vīrēs, ium    [cf. ἴσ], strength, force, vigor, power, energy, virtue: celeritas et vis equorum: plus vis habeat quam sanguinis, Ta.: contra vim atque impetum fluminis, Cs.: veneni.—Plur. (usu. of bodily strength): non viribus corporum res magnae geruntur: me iam sanguis viresque deficiunt, Cs.: corporis viribus excellens, L.: validis viribus hastam Contorsit, V.: agere pro viribus, with all your might: supra vires, H.: seu virium vi seu exercitatione multā cibi vinique capacissimus, L.: Nec mihi sunt vires inimicos pellere tectis, O.— Hostile strength, force, violence, compulsion: vis est haec quidem, T.: cum vi vis inlata defenditur: celeri rumore dilato Dioni vim adlatam, N.: sine vi facere, T.: matribus familias vim adferre: iter per vim tentare, by force, Cs.: civem domum vi et armis compulit: de vi condemnati sunt: quaestiones vel de caede vel de vi.—Energy, virtue, potency: vires habet herba? O.: egregius fons Viribus occultis adiuvat, Iu.—A quantity, number, abundance: mellis maxima: magna auri argentique: pulveris, Cs.— Plur, military forces, troops: praeesse exercitui, ut vires ad coërcendum haberet, Cs.: robur omne virium eius regni, the flower, L.: Concitet et vires Graecia magna suas, O.—Fig., mental strength, power, force, energy, vigor, influence: oratoris: conscientiae: quod ostentum habuit hanc vim, ut, etc., effect: qui indignitate suā vim ac ius magistratui quem gerebat dempsisset, L.—Force, notion, meaning, sense, import, nature, essence: id, in quo est omnis vis amicitiae: verborum, i. e. the signification: quae vis insit in his paucis verbis, si attendes, intelleges.
    * * *
    I
    be willing; wish
    II
    strength (bodily) (pl.), force, power, might, violence; resources; large body
    III
    strength (sg. only, not ACC), force, power, might, violence

    Latin-English dictionary > vīs

  • 3 copiola

    small military forces (pl.); small number of troops (L+S)

    Latin-English dictionary > copiola

  • 4 tīrōcinium

        tīrōcinium ī, n    [tiro].—In the army, a soldier's first service, military inexperience. senatus cum simul et tirocinio et perturbatione iuvenis moveretur, L.— Young troops, raw forces, recruits: contemptum tirocinium, L.— A beginning, rudimentary effort, pupilage: in L. Paulo accusando tirocinium ponere, L.
    * * *
    military inexperience; recruits, raw forces; first campaign; pupilage, youth

    Latin-English dictionary > tīrōcinium

  • 5 tirocinium

    tīrōcĭnĭum, ii, n. [tiro].
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In milit. lang., the first military service or first campaign of a young soldier, military rawness or inexperience, = rudimentum (perh. not ante-Aug.):

    juvenis,

    Liv. 39, 47, 3:

    propter exercitūs paucitatem et tirocinium, Auct. B. Afr. 31, 6: aetatis infirmitas aut militiae tirocinium,

    Val. Max. 5, 4, 2:

    tirocinii rudimenta deponere,

    Just. 9, 1, 8. —In plur.:

    si non solum tirocinia, verum et incunabula in ipsis castris posuissent,

    Just. 12, 4, 6; Flor. 2, 3.—
    B.
    Concr., the young troops, raw forces, recruits:

    contemptum tirocinium,

    Liv. 40, 35, 12.—
    II.
    Transf., in gen., the first beginning of any thing, the first trial, attempt, or essay:

    si in L. Paulo accusando tirocinium ponere et documentum eloquentiae dare voluit,

    Liv. 45, 37, 3 Weissenb. ad loc.; cf.:

    nec differendum est tirocinium in senectutem,

    Quint. 12, 6, 3; and:

    tirocinii metum transire,

    id. 12, 6, 7: filios suo quemque tirocinio deducere in forum, i. e. after putting on the toga virilis, Suet. Aug. 26:

    dies tirocinii,

    id. Tib. 54:

    togam sumpsit barbamque posuit, sine ullo honore, qualis contigerat tirocinio fratrum ejus,

    id. Calig. 10.—Of inanim. things:

    navium,

    i. e. their first voyage, Plin. 24, 7, 26, § 41.—
    B.
    Inexperience:

    senatus cum simul et tirocinio et perturbatione juvenis moveretur,

    Liv. 39, 47, 3:

    nec tirocinio peccet,

    Manil. 1, 189.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > tirocinium

  • 6 trāiciō (trāiic-) and trānsiciō

        trāiciō (trāiic-) and trānsiciō (trānsiic-), iēcī, iectus, ere    [trans + iacio], to throw across, cause to cross, cause to go across, put over, transfer, throw over, shoot across: neque ullum interim telum traiciebatur, Cs.: quae Concava traiecto cumba rudente vehat (te), O.: adreptum vexillum trans vallum hostium traiecit, L.: volucrem traiecto in fune columbam suspendit, V.: per ardentīs acervos celeri membra pede, O.—Of military or naval forces, to cause to cross, transport, ship across, lead over, ship over, transfer: equitatum, Cs.: omnibus ferme suis trans Rhodanum traiectis, L.: classem in Italiam, L.: eodem magnam partem fortunarum, N.: ut praedatum milites trans flumen per occasiones aliis atque aliis locis traicerent, L.: classis Punica in Sardiniam traiecta, L.: equitum magnam partem flumen traiecit, Cs.: si se Alpīs Antonius traiecerit: quos in Africam secum traiceret, L.: ad Achillam sese ex regiā, Cs.— To pass through, make a way through, break through: pars equitum mediam traiecit aciem, L.— To strike through, stab through, pierce, penetrate, transfix, transpierce: unum ex multitudine, Cs.: scorpione ab latere dextro traiectus, Cs.: cuspide serpentem, O.: ferro pectus, L.: cava tempora ferro, V.: terga sagitta, O.— To cross, pass, go over, cross over: ad Aethaliam insulam, L.: in Africam, L.: Samum, L.: Hiberos veteres traiecisse, Ta.: murum iaculo: traiecto amni, L.: ratibus Trebiam, L.: utribus amnem, Cu.: medium aetherio cursu axem, V.: postquam cernant Rhodanum traiectum, L.—Fig., to transfer, cause to pass: ex illius invidiā aliquid in te traicere: arbitrium litis in omnes, O.: in cor Traiecto lateris capitisve dolore, having thrown itself, H.— To overstep: fati litora, Pr.—In rhet., to transpose: verba.

    Latin-English dictionary > trāiciō (trāiic-) and trānsiciō

  • 7 classici

    classĭcus, a, um, adj. [classis], of or belonging to a classis.
    I.
    To a class or division of the Roman people; only transf., belonging to the first class, of the highest class: classici dicebantur non omnes qui in quinque classibus erant, sed primi tantum classis homines (opp. classem, infra), Cat. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 13, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 113, 12:

    testes classici,

    id. ib. p. 56, 15.—
    B.
    Trop., of the highest rank, classical, superior, standard:

    classicus adsiduusque aliquis scriptor, non proletarius,

    Gell. 19, 8, 15.—
    C.
    Subst.: classĭcus, i, m., he that summons the classes of citizens to the Comitia: in Arce classicus oanat tum circumque moeros, Comment. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 92 Müll.—
    II.
    To the military and naval forces (v. infra; and cf. classis, I. B.), but in use only in the sense of or belonging to the fleet:

    classicos milites,

    Liv. 21, 61, 2; 26, 48, 12:

    bella,

    naval, Prop. 2, 1, 28:

    certamen,

    Vell. 2, 85, 2:

    corona = navalis,

    id. 2, 81, 2.—Hence,
    B.
    Subst.
    1.
    classĭcum, i, n., a field or battle-signal upon the trumpet:

    classicum cecinit,

    Liv. 28, 27, 15:

    classicum canere jubet,

    Tac. A. 2, 32; cf.:

    classicum cani jubet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 82:

    classico ad contionem convocat,

    Liv. 7, 36, 9:

    cum silentium classico fecisset,

    id. 2, 45, 12:

    classica sonant,

    Verg. A. 7, 637:

    neque excitatur classico miles truci,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 5; Suet. Caes. 32; id. Vit. 11; Quint. 2, 11, 4; Luc. 4, 186 al.—

    Since only the leader commanded it to be given: classicum praetorium (al. praeconium),

    Prop. 3 (4), 3, 41; cf. Caes. l. l.; Liv. 28, 27, 15; Veg. Mil. 2, 22.—
    2.
    Meton., the war-trumpet:

    necdum etiam audierant inflari classica,

    Verg. G. 2, 539; Tib. 1, 1, 4. —
    3.
    Subst.: classĭci, ōrum, m., marines, Tac. H. 1, 36; 2, 11; 2, 17; 2, 22; 2, 67; 3, 55.—Also mariners, seamen, Curt. 4, 3, 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > classici

  • 8 classicus

    classĭcus, a, um, adj. [classis], of or belonging to a classis.
    I.
    To a class or division of the Roman people; only transf., belonging to the first class, of the highest class: classici dicebantur non omnes qui in quinque classibus erant, sed primi tantum classis homines (opp. classem, infra), Cat. ap. Gell. 6 (7), 13, 1; cf. Paul. ex Fest. p. 113, 12:

    testes classici,

    id. ib. p. 56, 15.—
    B.
    Trop., of the highest rank, classical, superior, standard:

    classicus adsiduusque aliquis scriptor, non proletarius,

    Gell. 19, 8, 15.—
    C.
    Subst.: classĭcus, i, m., he that summons the classes of citizens to the Comitia: in Arce classicus oanat tum circumque moeros, Comment. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 92 Müll.—
    II.
    To the military and naval forces (v. infra; and cf. classis, I. B.), but in use only in the sense of or belonging to the fleet:

    classicos milites,

    Liv. 21, 61, 2; 26, 48, 12:

    bella,

    naval, Prop. 2, 1, 28:

    certamen,

    Vell. 2, 85, 2:

    corona = navalis,

    id. 2, 81, 2.—Hence,
    B.
    Subst.
    1.
    classĭcum, i, n., a field or battle-signal upon the trumpet:

    classicum cecinit,

    Liv. 28, 27, 15:

    classicum canere jubet,

    Tac. A. 2, 32; cf.:

    classicum cani jubet,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 82:

    classico ad contionem convocat,

    Liv. 7, 36, 9:

    cum silentium classico fecisset,

    id. 2, 45, 12:

    classica sonant,

    Verg. A. 7, 637:

    neque excitatur classico miles truci,

    Hor. Epod. 2, 5; Suet. Caes. 32; id. Vit. 11; Quint. 2, 11, 4; Luc. 4, 186 al.—

    Since only the leader commanded it to be given: classicum praetorium (al. praeconium),

    Prop. 3 (4), 3, 41; cf. Caes. l. l.; Liv. 28, 27, 15; Veg. Mil. 2, 22.—
    2.
    Meton., the war-trumpet:

    necdum etiam audierant inflari classica,

    Verg. G. 2, 539; Tib. 1, 1, 4. —
    3.
    Subst.: classĭci, ōrum, m., marines, Tac. H. 1, 36; 2, 11; 2, 17; 2, 22; 2, 67; 3, 55.—Also mariners, seamen, Curt. 4, 3, 18.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > classicus

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